The following patents provide different ways to get a more even skin tone

Skin radiance and even skin tone are considered to be important attributes for delaying skin aging.

The following patents provide different methods aimed at achieving these desired results.

1. Arbutin composition U.S. Patent 9,883,998 Application No. 4/849,413 OMP authorized assignee on February 6, 2018

This patent describes an arbutin-containing composition for topical application to provide enhanced luminosity, brighten or brighten the skin. The composition comprises an aqueous phase containing 5-10% w/w arbutin and preservatives, chelating agents, wetting agents, reducing agents, pH adjusting ingredients and emulsifiers.

Adjust the pH of the water phase to pH 2-4. The composition also includes an oil phase containing one or more emollients and one or more antioxidants.

The preferred content of arbutin is 7%; the preferred humectant is 5% glycerin; the preferred reducing agent is sodium metabisulfite; the pH regulator is lactic acid.

The preferred emulsifier is sodium lauryl sulfate and the oil phase may include up to 10% cetearyl alcohol and silicone, hydrocarbon oil or suitable esters.

The patent includes a method for evening skin tone, including first using a cationic toner, then using a composition containing arbutin, and then applying a composition containing 0.025% tretinoin to the treated area. The treatment should last at least eight weeks.

It is said that it has been clinically shown that a composition containing 7% arbutin is at least 85% effective in lightening the skin of a similar composition containing 4% hydroquinone.

2. Skin care composition US Patent 9,980,892 Application No. 15/303,026 Authorized Assignee Conopce on May 29, 2018

Sometimes colorants such as pigments or dyes are added to cosmetic compositions to improve skin tone and gloss.

However, the disadvantage of pigment particles is that their presence can lead to undesirably poor tactile sensory properties. The disadvantage of small molecule dyes is that the skin is permeable, so their use is highly regulated to avoid unnecessary toxicity or adverse reactions.

In addition, both pigments and dyes can be easily washed or wiped off the skin after application, which will only result in a short-lived effect. The applicant requested a composition that does not have these disadvantages.

A leave-on skin care composition is described, which contains a water-soluble dye polymer and vitamin B in a cosmetically acceptable carrier for providing cosmetic benefits such as evening skin tone and concealing blemishes.

The polymer backbone is derived from polyethyleneimine, polysaccharide, polyurethane or polymers with INCI names polyquaternium-4 or polyquaternium-7.

Preferably, each polymer backbone should be covalently bound to at least one dye molecule, and the preferred dye is a red, pink or violet dye for providing an attractive pink color to the skin.

Most preferred are reactive red dyes selected from monoazo and disazo dyes. The patent requires a level as high as 1%, but the most preferred is 0.004-0.01%. The composition may also contain 0.1-5% organic sunscreen and opaque particles for providing skin benefits; most preferably 0.05-2% micronized titanium dioxide.

The preferred carrier is an oil-in-water emulsion in which the polymer is dissolved in the water phase.

3. Cosmetic composition and method of use US Patent No. 10,123,968 Application No. 15/894,6786 Granted to the assignee Mary Kay on November 13, 2018

When the skin is exposed to the sun, the production of melanocytes increases, which can lead to dark skin patches called age spots, sun spots, liver spots or (more appropriately) freckles.

This patent relates to topical skin compositions that can be used to moisturize and improve skin appearance by balancing skin tone and reducing the appearance of dark spots.

In-depth research, it seems that the composition preferably contains 0.01-3% of Lactobacillus fermentum, 0.001-1% of Ferula foetida root extract, 0.001-1% of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed extract and 0.001-1% of olive tree ferdinandiana fruit extract and nicotinamide.

It may also contain other plant extracts and 1-3% ascorbyl glucoside, 5-13% glycerin, 5-10% titanium dioxide, 2-7% butanediol and 0.0001-0.1% dipotassium glycyrrhizinate.

It may also contain one or more solvents selected from water, dimethyl isosorbide, 1,2-hexanediol, denatured alcohol, hexanediol, and C13-14 isoparaffin.

It may further contain one or more additional ingredients selected from ultraviolet absorbers, preservatives, humectants, conditioners, thickeners, structurants, emulsifiers, pH adjusters, chelating agents and antioxidants, and the The composition can be formulated as a lotion, lotion, gel, serum, mask or ointment.

Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria that can convert lactose and other sugars into lactic acid. Lactobacillus extracts in cosmetic compositions have many uses, including protecting the skin from pathogenic microbial flora, acting as an emulsifier and moisturizer, and anti-aging and skin lightening.

Ferula foetida root extract is rich in ferulic acid, which has the property of inhibiting tyrosinase and can be used to treat hyperpigmentation. Sunflower seed extract can be used as a skin conditioner in cosmetics and an anti-radical agent for hair and skin protection.

The fruit of Terminalia ferdinandiana contains a high concentration of vitamin C and contains phytochemicals such as gallic acid, ellagic acid and related compounds.

4. Malassezin and its analogues as skin whitening agents US Patent No. 10,131,631 Application No. 15/455,932 Authorized inventor Einziger, M on November 20, 2018; Simpson, morning

People all over the world use skin lightening agents to achieve beauty goals, including anti-aging effects, correcting sun damage, and meeting certain beauty cultural standards. This patent describes compounds, compositions and methods for brightening the skin and regulating the activity of melanocytes, and relates to compounds produced by Malassezia yeast and their chemical analogs.

Malassezia is a lipophilic yeast that is commonly found in the normal flora of human skin. It causes skin diseases including tinea versicolor (tinea versicolor), seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. The culprit.

Tinea versicolor is a non-infectious skin disease caused by the overgrowth of Malassezia bacteria, which can locally change the level of pigmentation. Melanocyte activity can be regulated by inducing melanocyte apoptosis or altering melanocyte gene expression, cell motility, cell growth, melanin production, melanosome biogenesis, or melanosome transfer.

Malassezia yeast has two metabolic pathways to synthesize melanin and tryptophan-derived indole pigments, which may cause melanocyte apoptosis and contribute to the decolorization characteristic of Malassezia overgrowth.

Malassezin is an example of a compound produced by Malassezia yeast, which is a tryptophan metabolite, originally isolated from Malassezia furfur.

Malassezin is a known aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist that is involved in cell growth, cell differentiation and gene expression-it also induces apoptosis of primary human melanocytes.

Melanocyte biogenesis leads to mature melanosomes that are rich in melanin.

The compounds and compositions of the present invention modulate melanosome biogenesis by inhibiting or attenuating the biological processes involved.

Melanin synthesis mainly involves three enzymes: tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase. The compounds and compositions described can modulate the production of melanin by inhibiting or attenuating the activity of any of these enzymes or factors.

Once melanosomes are formed and synthesize melanin, melanosomes need to be transferred from epidermal melanocytes to skin and hair keratinocytes.

The compounds and compositions of the present invention regulate the transfer of melanosomes by interfering with the biological process that causes the melanosomes to be transported from the perinuclear region to the periphery of melanocytes and into adjacent keratinocytes, thereby inhibiting the formation of dark spots.

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